As underground infrastructure rapidly deteriorates, water and wastewater utilities struggle to develop comprehensive, defensible rehabilitation programs that address the most critical infrastructure first. Although millions of dollars are annually spent under asset management/capital improvement programs, little is achieved to lower total system risk because the programs focus on infrastructure that may not be hydraulically significant to syst...

The federal regulatory requirements for maintaining a “trace” or a “detectable” residual date back to the 1989 Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). Like all existing regulations, the SWTR is under review by the Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as part of its third Six-Year Review that’s scheduled to be published in 2016. Concerns with maintaining an appropriate disinfectant residual in the distribution syst...